- Painetut, e-kirjat, e-lehdet, tietokannat ja arkistoaineistot
- Academill-kirjasto
- E-artikkelit
- Arkistoaineistot
Painetut, e-kirjat, e-lehdet, tietokannat ja arkistoaineistot
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This thesis focuses on providing more accurate and reliable data for production planning of section- and block outfitting in shipbuilding industry through specific installation time –measurements. Additionally, a current state analysis was conducted and process measurements were tested for future implementation. This work may interest readers, who want to know more about the challenges related to outfitting production and see these facts backed up by numbers. From theory perspective, a heavy emphasis is on (key) performance indicators, waste and variation. The methods for conducting the study are practical by nature but theory is used to explain results. Data has been collected through interviews with stakeholders and measurements have been performed to support the validity of the first mentioned. The obtained installation times for section and block outfitting are by far the most valuable contribution since they have enabled predicting workloads much more accurately and thereby assisting production planning. All the future yard outfitting schedules are based on the installation times provided in this thesis. In addition, these have been utilized as the basis for calculating future investments. Otherwise, more insight is provided on reporting to information systems, detail design and variation within production. Meyer Turku aims to double its production tact within the next five years. This study partly enables evaluating the sufficiency of existing development projects i.e. gap plans. The area phase should be similarly studied though to reach holistic understanding. For the body of existing knowledge on topic, a new measurement technique, utilization of reference times, adds to practical examples for easing work analysis in highly manual circumstances with lots of variation e.g. metal workshops, in turn saving money.Avhandling om block- & storblockutrustning för att stöda produktionsplanering Syftet med denna avhandling är att stöda produktionsplanering inom block- och storblockutrustning på Meyer Turkus skeppsvarv och kunna bidra till en mera balanserad arbetsbelastning inom produktion. Avhandlingen omfattar inte områdesutrustningen. Avhandlingen kan vara av intresse för dem som vill läsa mera om utmaningar inom utrustningsproduktion och hur man kan kombinera arbetsstudier med teorier om nyckeltal, identifiering av slöseri (Mura, Muri & Muda), variation och flöde i enlighet med Lean-metoden. Avhandlingen omfattar fyra forskningsuppgifter: undersökning av utgångsläget genom intervjuer och processmätningar, mätningar av installationstider, undersökning av olika indikatorer samt rekommendation för framtida användning av nyckeltal. Avhandlingen bygger på skribentens tidigare undersökningar om block utrustning utförda sommaren 2017 och 2018. Mätningsmetoderna baserar sig på sådana metoder som använts inom tidigare arbetsstudier, men denna avhandling innehåller ett nytt koncept för att underlätta insamlingen av rådata. Konceptet skapades för att kunna beräkna installationstider för olika komponenter inom en komponentgrupp utan att behöva kunna kategorisera arbetstimmarna för varje enskild komponent. Konceptet bygger på att mäta ”referenstider” för olika komponenter inom en komponentgrupp och sedan antas att förhållanden för att installera komponenterna är alltid samma. Med denna metod räcker det med att kunna fastställa arbetstimmarna för hela komponentgruppen. Även om avhandlingen främst fokuserar på nödvändig datamätning, har exempelvis Lean-teorier använts för att analysera resultat. Installationstiderna som undersökts i avhandlingen är väsentliga för produktionsplaneringen och beräkningen av produktionsbelastningen. De används även vid uppgörandet av investeringskalkyler inom produktionen. Av speciellt intresse är skillnaden på installationstiderna mellan block- och storblockutrustning, som varierar beroende på komponentgruppen. Installationstiderna fungerar som basis för de rekommenderade framtida nyckeltalen. Utgångsläge-analysen tillsammans med processmätningarna tydliggör produktionens utmaningar, t.ex. otillräckliga förutsättningar, lågt kapacitetsutnyttjande och källor för variation. De otillräckliga förutsättningarna innebär t. ex. förseningen av design och saknande material. Variation föranledas från obalanserad planering av schema och manual natur av arbetet. I avhandlingen analyseras och jämförs byggnadsmetoden med ritningarna och själva produktionsfasen. Avhandlingen innehåller m.m. ett förslag för bättre byggnadsmetod med tillhörande arbetsordning för komponentgrupper inom samma fas. På basis av utgångsläget och mätningarna rekommenderas det tre nyckeltal: andelen utförda installationsbilder och två olika nyckeltal för förseningar. Inom produktionen är det viktigt att vara medveten om förseningar i budgeten (beräknad i arbetstimmar) och vilken effekt den uppskjutna arbetsmängden har på den allmänna arbetsbelastningen. Dessutom rekommenderas det att fortsätta mäta installeringstiderna tills urvalet är flera än 30 stycken per komponentgrupp. På det sättet är det möjligt att komma närmare det riktiga medeltalet för installationstiderna och förekomsten av variation kan identifieras noggrannare. Meyer Turkus målsättning är att fördubbla produktionstakten inom fem år. Med information från denna avhandling är det delvis möjligt att analysera varken de existerande utvecklingsprojekten är tillräckliga för att nå den önskade produktionstakten. Samma undersökning behöver utföras för områdesutrustning för att kunna forma en helhetsbild över hela utrustningsprocessen. Ur vetenskapligt perspektiv har denna avhandling tillagd kunskap till de existerande mätningsmetoderna. Innehållet skulle kunna utnyttjas för liknande undersökningar i maskinverkstäder eller liknande platser, som innehåller mycket manual arbete och variation.
The Kiirunavaara iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ore deposit in the Norrbotten county of northern Sweden is well-known worldwide as it has been studied extensively throughout decades and is the largest IOA deposits known to this day. The subject of this thesis is a group of porphyry dykes (DPs) that irregularly intrude the Kiirunavaara footwall rocks and ore body to then disappear into the hanging wall rocks. The up to >10m wide dykes varies from red, green to dark colours and comprise pale glomerocrysts of feldspar often together with clinopyroxene, amphibole, and titanite, in an aphanitic groundmass. Variation in groundmass colours represent ratios of green silicates clinopyroxene and amphibole to iron oxide staining of the fine-grained feldspar matrix, resulting in sample groundmasses to be either green or red, respectively. Replacement of green silicates by biotite represent dark coloured samples. The volcanic silicate host rocks to the Kiirunavaara iron ore are extensively Na- metasomatically altered, including the DPs. Geochemical major element classifications plots show that the DPs in a range from intermediate trachyandesite to a felsic rhyolitic composition, largely overlapping both hanging wall and footwall rocks. However, in immobile trace element diagrams they plot essentially in the rhyolitic/dacite fields, again overlapping completely with the hanging wall rocks, while foot wall rocks are separated into the andesite fields. The DPs, together with the volcanic porphyries, plot as metaluminous indicating metaigneous sources, and geotectonic discrimination diagram using Ta/Yb v. Th/Yb show a dominantly active continental margin environment for the DPs. A LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon age determination of one sample yielded a concordia age of 1880±4 Ma (MSWD=0.79; n=26), which represent the DPs crystallization age. Results from this thesis concludes the fact that the dyke porphyries of Kiirunavaara share inseparable textural characteristics with the hanging wall rocks as well as completely overlapping each other geochemically and fall within the same age range. Therefore, the DPs are closely associated to the volcanic evolution of Kiirunavaara, representing magmas of identical composition to the hanging wall volcanics and interpreted as feeder channels to that volcanism. Intrusions of DPs occurred in an active continental margin environment and crosscutting relations to the ore body indicate pulses of DP-magma to occur at the waning stages of footwall and ore magmatism. Geochemical differences in green and red DPs suggest they originate from separate magma pulses.
The objective of this thesis is to create a solution for automatic deployment of a PrestaShop web shop to allow for a faster, more streamlined, and less error-prone way of working. Based on the wishes of the stakeholders, the solution should introduce as few new tools as possible. After some investigation of what tools are already installed when developing PrestaShop-based web shops, a solution based on the Python programming language was chosen as it was able to integrate smoothly with most frameworks for automatic deployment. The solution consists of three features, of which the first and main feature is to create a new web shop. This is the most programmatically complex feature and with the modular approach in the design of the solution it will allow for a high level of code reuse. The other two features are to delete a web shop and modify a web shop. Modifying a web shop was initially scoped to be able to change multiple parts of the web shop but was eventually reduced to only the adding of new PrestaShop modules. The solution is successfully able to automatically create and deploy a new web shop to a server, delete it, and modify it in limited ways. It unfortunately falls short when it comes to the continued way of working after a deployment, as it is not able to keep changes made through the web browser synchronized with what it is trying to deploy from. A key lesson learned is that DevOps practices will need to take the full lifecycle into account or risk falling short and creating new problems where there previously were none.
Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) are one of the emerging technologies within warfare, seen to pose challenges in complying with international humanitarian law (IHL), and human rights law. Others see the development of AWS in warfare as a means of saving civilians and making conflict more comprehending to the means and methods of warfare, as the use of AWS cuts off the human element of emotions, such as stress and panic, which can in turn increase the number of casualties during armed conflict. Considering these strong arguments on both sides, examining the legality within international law through an in-depth analysis is therefore necessary. This thesis will examine the legality of AWS within international law, especially within IHL and human rights law, how the use affects the right to dignity and whether this can be considered a strong enough normative right for establishing a regulation on the use of AWS, based on the argument. This thesis first examines the AWS use in light of the IHL framework and the principles of distinction, proportionality and precautions of attack. In addition, the Article 36 of Additional Protocol I, obligating legal reviews on new weapons, and the Martens Clause’s relevance in the AWS debate is examined. After establishing an understanding of AWS compliance to IHL, the use of AWS in light of human rights law is scrutinized. Then the thesis turns to discussing dignity, both in its social and legal perspectives. Dignity is a much debated concept, which on one hand is seen to be the core of all human rights, and a vacuous concept, lacking content in the legal context on the other. To reach a profound understanding of the normative character of dignity, the history of shaping the concept is first scrutinized. Then, its role is examined within treaty law and state practice, after which the concept is applied to the debate of the legality of AWS. Through the above-described examination, this thesis concludes that AWS use is in its current state not likely capable of respecting the international law framework when it comes to the IHL principles of distinction, proportionality and precautions of attack, that govern the feasible means and methods of warfare. Human rights law poses even stricter requirements on the use of force during armed conflict, and the use of AWS is thus likely to pose violations on human rights law, as the rule of the use of force only being practiced by a human would require human involvement in the process. Considering dignity in its normative concept, the use of AWS is additionally likely to violate the right to dignity. What is desired from negotiations when drafting regulation is to include the element of meaningful human control in the decision-making loop, when the use of AWS is concerning lethal decisions. This thesis concludes that the use of AWS without the element of meaningful human control is resulting in violating the dignity of those targeted. This demonstrates the urgent need of regulation for the use of AWS, where dignity could play a distinct role in illustrating the core issue with leaving the human outside of lethal decisions. This thesis suggests that a crosscutting framework, including both IHL and human rights law, could be the most powerful tool in order to showcase the potential power that dignity could have when regulating a complex system of method of warfare.